一、执行方式

1)官网下载安装包

#这里以zip压缩为例
mysql-8.0.30-winx64.zip

2)解压目录

D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64

3)配置Windows环境变量

MYSQL_HOME
D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64
Path
%MYSQL_HOME%\bin;

4)建立data目录

建立D:/software/program/mysql/mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data目录

5)建立my.ini

在D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\my.ini
内容选择性参考:

[mysqld]
port=3306
basedir=D:/software/program/mysql/mysql-8.0.30-winx64
datadir=D:/software/program/mysql/mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data
character-set-server=utf8mb4
collation-server=utf8mb4_unicode_ci
default-storage-engine=INNODB
default_authentication_plugin=caching_sha2_password
sql_mode=STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION
innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
innodb_log_file_size=64M
max_connections=150
bind-address=127.0.0.1
log_error=error.log
slow_query_log=ON
long_query_time=2
slow_query_log_file=slow.log

[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[client]
port=3306
default-character-set=utf8mb4

6)初始化

#注意mysqld后面的顺序和内容
D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin>mysqld --defaults-file="D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\my.ini" --initialize --console
2026-08-30T04:42:40.952320Z 0 [System] [MY-013169] [Server] D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin\mysqld.exe (mysqld 8.0.30) initializing of server in progress as process 16336
2026-08-30T04:42:40.983511Z 0 [Warning] [MY-013907] [InnoDB] Deprecated configuration parameters innodb_log_file_size and/or innodb_log_files_in_group have been used to compute innodb_redo_log_capacity=134217728. Please use innodb_redo_log_capacity instead.
2026-08-30T04:42:40.985353Z 1 [System] [MY-013576] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has started.
2026-08-30T04:42:41.863834Z 1 [System] [MY-013577] [InnoDB] InnoDB initialization has ended.
2026-08-30T04:42:43.097675Z 6 [Note] [MY-010454] [Server] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 生成的初始化密码

7)安装

#注意mysqld后面的顺序和内容
D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin>mysqld install MySQL8030
Service successfully installed.

8)启动

#注意启动名称
D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin>net start MySQL8030

9)登录

D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin>mysql -uroot -p
#生成的初始化密码
mysql> select user,host from mysql.user;
ERROR 1820 (HY000): You must reset your password using ALTER USER statement before executing this statement.
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'root';

二、其他错误

问题1)my.ini

2026-08-30T04:35:57.119094Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-000067] [Server] unknown variable 'defaults-file=D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\my.ini'.
2026-08-30T04:35:57.119222Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013455] [Server] The newly created data directory D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\data\ by --initialize is unusable. You can remove it.
2026-08-30T04:35:57.120296Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting

命令手工指定my.ini文件，并且不要更改其他名称。

问题2)命令顺序

mysqld --defaults-file="D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\my.ini" --initialize --console

2026-08-30T04:41:56.139486Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2026-08-30T04:41:56.139494Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data\ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2026-08-30T04:41:56.141105Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting

--defaults-file必须在最前面

问题3)提前建立data目录

2026-08-30T04:39:49.496829Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010338] [Server] Can't find error-message file 'D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\bin\ oftware\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64\share\errmsg.sys'. Check error-message file location and 'lc-messages-dir' configuration directive.
2026-08-30T04:39:49.498536Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory D: oftware\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data\ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2026-08-30T04:39:49.499432Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting

my.ini中配置了datadir=D:/software/program/mysql/mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data此目录，别忘记提前手工建立。

问题4)安装失败彻底删除data目录

2026-08-30T04:41:56.139486Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010457] [Server] --initialize specified but the data directory has files in it. Aborting.
2026-08-30T04:41:56.139494Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-013236] [Server] The designated data directory D:\software\program\mysql\mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data\ is unusable. You can remove all files that the server added to it.
2026-08-30T04:41:56.141105Z 0 [ERROR] [MY-010119] [Server] Aborting

如果mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data这个目录已经生成一次，下次执行，需要删除整个目录，再手工新建，而不仅仅是清空mysql-8.0.30-winx64-data目录中的所有内容。